Came across this neat chart from Nov 2006 –
look at all the expensive options policy makers have wasted and are wasting our tax dollars on. While in the case of Perth (Australian bellwether city for water policy) ignoring the standout cheapest option.
Another very cheap option could be included –
trimming back on pointless unnecessary “environmental flows”.
When you vote in two months time – why not try and vote for sensible water policies. You use water every day.
PSI MEMBERS JOSEPH POSTMA and HANS JELBRING TOTALLY DISAGREE WITH EACH OTHER.
Postma actually agrees with me about how the “lapse rate” (temperature gradient) forms at the molecular level and he reproduces my calculation of such from my 2013 paper, but he is completely wrong in then claiming that the REQUIRED ENERGY at the surface is delivered entirely by direct solar radiation. It isn’t. It is delivered mostly (and entirely on Venus) by downward free (or “natural”) convective heat transfer that is maximizing entropy as per the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
You at PSI are all sadly misled by Postma and Reynan. You all know full well that you can’t explain Venus surface temperatures with direct solar radiation to the surface, so your conjecture for Earth is likewise false. Solar radiation can only achieve the temperatures found at the effective radiating altitudes of planets, so it can’t produce higher temperatures at the base of the troposphere or any solid surface there. It’s just so damn obvious if you think, but you don’t.
I will NOT TOLERATE Joseph POSTMA’s completely FALSE CALCULATIONS that purport to prove myself and HANS JELBRING wrong when each of us has told you that surface temperatures are NOT primarily determined by direct solar radiation impinging on the surface. There’s is a global mean of 168W/m^2 of direct solar radiation impinging on Earth’s surface and that CANNOT produce a global mean temperature above 233K or -40°C. Even on the sunlit side the mean could not exceed -20°C. That’s FACT.
Joseph Postma (one of those who “rejected” my 2013 paper to PSI, but never proved the physics wrong) also got it SERIOUSLY wrong on his blog where he calculated the mean temperature that the Sun could achieve on the sunlit hemisphere to be 30°C. That’s because he forgot to deduct 20% of the solar radiation that is absorbed by the atmosphere, and also forgot about that 100W/m^2 lost by non-radiative processes. Hence, POSTMA should have got -20°C and was OUT BY 50 DEGREES! If not corrected, this will be pointed out on numerous climate blogs and social media threads. The ONLY correct explanation for all planetary temperatures and heat transfers is at itsnotco2.wordpress.com and it is based on correct physics and supported by experiments and evidence throughout the Solar System.
The hypothesis I present is BASED on The Second Law of Thermodynamics.* In contrast, Postma treats the Earth’s surface as if it is a black body, which is a major error and ignores the losses of thermal energy by evaporative cooling and conduction both into the atmosphere and down into the crust. He also ignores the fact that about 20% of solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere, so he uses 0.7 instead of about 0.5 when multiplying the Solar Constant. See climate-change-theory.com and itsnotco2.wordpress.com for details.
The irony is that another PSI member Hans Jelbring PhD (climatology) writes “It is remarkable that this very simple derivation is totally ignored in the field of Climate Science simply because it refutes the radiation heat transfer model as the dominant cause of the GE.” In contrast, Postma still thinks temperatures are determined by radiation heat transfer models.
* “The law that entropy always increases holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the universe is in disagreement with Maxwell’s equations — then so much the worse for Maxwell’s equations. If it is found to be contradicted by observation — well, these experimentalists do bungle things sometimes. But if your theory is found to be against the second law of thermodynamics I can give you no hope; there is nothing for it but to collapse in deepest humiliation.”
— Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World (1927)
How much more exciting for water utilities to be producing expensive water in huge factories by seawater desalination and complex treating of sewage to a potable standard, all requiring a staff of thousands; than to cheaply pipe boring old dam water to ungrateful consumers.
Cheap pipelines and reducing or thinning catchment vegetation don’t provide enough opportunity for graft compared to desal plants. Just ask Comrade Julia and friends like Robyn McLeod.
pindanpost.com/2013/08/27/water-and-wastewater-review/